Self test

Think about new for share to others.

Write what you think .

Experiment of De-Morgan’s Theorem

Boolean Algebra is the mathematical system which defined with the set of the elements, a set of the operation and the number of common postulation. A De-Morgan’s theorem is one of the postulation of Boolean Algebra. By using De-Morgan’s theorem we can solve the many complex problems in Boolean Algebra. The main objective of experiment of De-Morgan’s theorem is to implement the logical expression in practical field and find out the out of the theorem’s functioning in practice and know about the circuit for the theorem. After the complete the experiment from the digital lab we are able to   connect the circuit and we are able to implement in practice of De-Morgan’s theorem

The following targets are should be prepared before do experiment.

  Ø  To find out the Gate functioning

  Ø  To connect the circuit in practice field

  Ø  To see the actual result of the circuit connection

  Ø  For finding of output

  Ø  Theoretical knowledge implementation

Experiment Topics are:

1 

   1. De-Morgan’s First Theorem:The DE-Morgan’s first theorem states that the total Complement of the sum is equal to the product of the individual complement. That is:

According above truth table the following circuit diagram is design. The output of the circuit is depending on the input. For eg: when we provide A=0 and B=0 then the circuit produce 1 output as a result. The output of the circuit is change when change in input. The output of the circuit is shown using lead, lead on or off according to output. The logic circuit as below: 

In the above circuit every gate’s 14 no.pin is connect with the +5v i.e. binary 1, every gate’s 7no.pin is connecting to the grounding line i.e. binary 0, it provide the power for gate to run or functioning properly. And gates function as input provided for the circuit and produce the output according to the inputs. The gates are in the IC form they have special symbols which are representing the gates, these symbols are as follows:

Name of the Gates                    Symbols/ Codes

NOT Gate:                                     7404

OR Gate:                                       7432

AND Gate:                                                                                                                                                               

NOR Gate:                                    7402

NAND Gate:                                 7400

X-OR Gate:                                  7486

2.DE-Morgan’s Second Theorem:

De-Morgan’s second theorem states that the total complement of the product is equal to the sum of individual complement. This can be explain as follows:

In the above figure the output will be change when the input changes. The light is bright or not it depends on the input of the circuit.

Conclusion:

IN conclusion we can say that our experiment was better because of we have opportunities to learn and see the practically result of experiment of De-Moran theorem. So we realize the experiment is necessary to improve knowledge of students practically and clear all confusion if have any.  At now all students are able to connect the any circuit of any expression of problems in lab practically.

1.    

   Experiment of Adder and Sub-tractor

Logic circuit for digital system may be combinational or sequential. A combinational circuit consists of logic gates whose output at any time is determined directly from present combination of inputs. A combinational circuit consists of input variables, logic gates variables, and output variables. The logic gates accept signal from inputs and generate signal to the output. Adder and sub-tractor are the combinational circuit. In today’s lab we are going to experiment of adder and subtractor of combination circuit. The following is the today’s experiment:

1.Half ADDER: It is a combinational circuit having two inputs and two outputs, one is sum and other is Carry. The following figure had shown the truth table and circuit diagram of the half adder.

In the above circuit every gate’s 14 no.pin is connect with the +5v i.e. binary 1, every gate’s 7no.pin is connecting to the grounding line i.e. binary 0, it provide the power for gate to run or functioning properly. And gates function as input provided for the circuit and produce the output according to the inputs.

2.Half Sub-tractor: A half sub-tractor is a combinational circuit that subtracts two bits and produces the difference and borrows. Figure below shows the truth table and logic diagram as follows:

Truth table is as follows:

In the above circuit every gate’s 14 no.pin is connect with the +5v i.e. binary 1, every gate’s 7 no. pin is connecting to the grounding line i.e. binary 0, it provide the power for gate to run or functioning properly. And gates function as input provided for the circuit and produce the output according to the inputs.

Summary: 

IN conclusion we can say that our experiment was better because of we have opportunities to learn and see the practically result of experiment Half Adder and half  Subtractor . So we realize the experiment is necessary to improve knowledge of students practically and clear all confusion if have any.  At now all students are able to connect the any circuit of any expression of problems in lab practically.

                                                                                                       

v  Lmmxkvl;dva/dsljvlcv

USA's Educational Structure

USA

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL level

Prior to higher education, American students attend primary and secondary school for a combined  total of 12 years all together . These years are referred to as the first through twelfth grades. All the students study in school free .Government of USA allow to study free schooling year about 12 years. Parents of the child couldn't pay any amount for their children. so it is totally free for only USA citizen's children.

Around age six, U.S. children begin primary school, which is most commonly called “elementary school.” They attend five or six years and then go onto secondary schooling level. IN School level, They learn more about basic fundamentals about the basic knowledge of books and other basic things which is necessary for them to know.

Secondary school consists of two programs: the first is “middle  level school” or “junior high  level school” and the second program is “high school.” A diploma or certificate is awarded upon graduation from high school and then they take admission in colleges. After graduating high school (12th grade), U.S. students may go on to college or university. College or university study is known as “higher education”or ""college education" in USA. The higher education is not free for even USA resident or USA citizens. They most to pay the charge and then complete their University   graduation. For  USA graduation all over the world students come USA for complete their education even with Scholarship program or paid program.

GRADING SYSTEM in USA Education

Just like American students, you will have to submit your academic transcripts as part of your application for admission to university or college and you must complete some procedures for application in USA university . Academic transcripts are official copies of your academic work or your's higher education transcript. In the U.S. this includes your “grades” and “grade point average” (GPA), which are measurements of your academic achievement. Courses are commonly graded using percentages, which are converted into letter grades. And then you are ready for other process.

The grading system and GPA in the U.S. can be confusing, especially for international students. The interpretation of grades has a lot of variation. For example, two students who attended different schools both submit their transcripts to the same university. They both have 3.5 GPAs, but one student attended an average high school, while the other attended a prestigious school that was academically challenging. The university might interpret their GPAs differently because the two schools have dramatically different standards. So is this is Different from others. The school standard and coziness is also consider for admission and chance to get the scholarship from the university.

Therefore, there are some crucial things to keep in mind:

You should find out the U.S. equivalent of the last level of education you completed in your home country.

Pay close attention to the admission requirements of each university and college, as well as individual degree programs, which may have different requirements than the university.

Regularly meet with an educational advisor or guidance counselor to make sure you are meeting the

requirements.

Your educational advisor or guidance counselor will be able to advise you on whether or not you must spend an extra year or two preparing for U.S. university admission. If an international student entered a U.S. university or college prior to being eligible to attend university in their own country, some countries’ governments and employers may not recognize the students’ U.S. education. All in one we can  say  that USA graduation is approved by all the most country in the world.

Academic Year

The school calendar usually begins in August or September and continues through May or June. The majority of new students begin in autumn, so it is a good idea for international students to also begin their U.S. university studies at this time. There is a lot of excitement at the beginning of the school year and students form many great friendships during this time, as they are all adjusting to a new phase of academic life. Additionally, many courses are designed for students to take them in sequence, starting in autumn and continuing through the year.

The academic year at many schools is composed of two terms called “semesters.” (Some schools use a three-term calendar known as the “trimester” system.) Still, others further divide the year into the quarter system of four terms, including an optional summer session. Basically, if you exclude the summer session, the academic year is either comprised of two semesters or three quarter terms.

Choosing USA education is best For you. 

    

So we can apply for graduation in USA nay University and able to get scholarship from university. This is helpful to you understand about the basic rules and producers about USA education. One beneficial things to  graduate from USA is well recognize all over the world.

For more knowledge visit my following WB.page

US Education

Education info for me

if you have website or blogger whatever through it if you want to earn online earning every month you want to earn more then 3000$ then u need to click here to sign in and get started now within a minutes    sign in